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How the German plural works: six ways (-e, -er, -(e)n, -s, no ending, umlaut), clues from gender and endings, traps with numbers and the Dativ plural. A market dialogue, exercises and a test.

The question words wer, was, wo, woher, wohin, wann, warum, wie at A1. What each one asks, where the verb goes and how to keep wo, woher and wohin apart, with a course dialogue and practice.

Prepositions by case at A2: Akkusativ, Dativ, Genitiv and Wechsel prepositions, the pairs liegen and legen, the short forms zum and im. Everyday examples from one day in Berlin, a chat, exercises and the FUDGEBOW mnemonic.

30 German verbs that take the Dativ: helfen, gefallen, gehören, danken, verzeihen, verbieten and more. The case, the pronouns mir and dir, the traps of gefallen and glauben, the Perfekt. A dialogue, exercises and a test.

German conjunctions and word order: und, oder, aber, denn, sondern, weil, dass, wenn, ob, obwohl, während and the two-part conjunctions. Where the verb goes, a dialogue, exercises and a test.

Degrees of comparison at A2: Positiv, Komparativ and Superlativ, umlaut and the extra e, the irregular forms gut, viel, gern, wie and als, endings before a noun. A Berlin-vs-Munich dialogue, charts and exercises.

Indefinite pronouns at A2: man, jemand, niemand, jeder, alle, keiner, viele, etwas, nichts, alles and the irgend- words. Which verb form follows them and how they decline, with a flat-share dialogue and practice.

Relative clauses at B1: der, den, dem, dessen, prepositions and was. How to pick the pronoun form and put the verb last, with a lost-property dialogue and practice.